The antifungal activity of ethanol extract of red propolis against pathogenic isolates of Candida spp.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v15i4.7969Keywords:
Candidiasis, Opportunistic infection, AntimicrobialAbstract
The search for new antifungal substances is necessary, due to the increase in cases of fungal infections in recent years, associated with the appearance of strains resistant to conventional treatments and adverse effects observed during pharmacological therapies. Among these infections, candidiasis stands out, as one of the most common to affect humans. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the antifungal potential of the ethanol extract of red propolis against pathogenic isolates of Candida spp. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was obtained by using the microdilution, technique in 96-well plates, in which the sensitivity of Candida spp. was evaluated at concentrations of propolis extract in a range from 15,000 µg/mL to 29.3 µg/mL. MIC values were determined by visual analysis of growth inhibition. Then, triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) was added to determine the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). All experiments were performed in triplicate. The MIC ranged from 234.4 µg/mL to 937.5 µg/mL, with the species C. albicans being the most sensitive among those tested. The MFC was identical to MIC. From these results, we concluded that the ethanol extract of red propolis showed moderate antifungal activity on most strains of Candida spp., confirming its traditional use regarding its antimicrobial properties, which can be better explored through future pre-clinical and clinical studies.Downloads
References
BARBEDO, L. S.; SGARBI, D. B. G. Candidíase. DST. J Bras de Doenças Sexualmente Transmissiveis, v. 22, n.1, p.22-38, 2010.
BERNARDO, K. M. R.; LIMA, A. P. W. Ocorrência de candidíase no exame citológico de pacientes do hospital geral de Curitiba. Revista Saúde e Desenvolvimento, v.8, n.4, p.198-206, 2015.
BHESANIA, A. H.; NARAYANKHEDKAR, A. Vulvovaginal Candidosis. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, v. 6, n.1, p. 240-250, 2017. 10.20546/ijcmas.2017.601.029.
BRANDOLT, T.M.; KLAFKE, G. B.; GONÇALVES, C. V.; BITENCOURT, L. R.; MARTINEZ, A. M. B.; MENDES, J. F.; MEIRELES, M. C. A.; XAVIER, M. O. Prevalence of Candida spp. in cervical-vaginal samples and the in vitro susceptibility of isolates. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, v. 48, n.1, p.145–150, 2017.10.1016/j.bjm.2016.09.006.
BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. Glossário temático: práticas integrativas e complementares em saúde. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2018.
CAMARGO, K. C.; ALVES, R. R. F.; BAYLÃO, L. A.; RIBEIRO, A. A.; ARAUJO, N. L. A. S.; SANTOS, S. H. R. Secreção vaginal anormal: Sensibilidade, especificidade e concordância entre o diagnóstico clínico e citológico. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetricia, v. 37, n. 5, p.222–228, 2015. 10.1590/SO100-720320150005183.
CASTANHEIRA, M.; DESHPANDE, L. M.; DAVIS, A. P.; RHOMBERG, P. R.; PFALLER, M. A. Monitoring Antifungal Resistance in a Global Collection of Invasive Yeasts and Molds: Application of CLSI Epidemiological Cutoff Values and Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis for Detection of Azole Resistance in Candida albicans. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother, v.61, n.10, p.1-20, 2017. 10.1128/AAC.00906-17.
CORRÊA, R. O. Avaliação in vitro da atividade antifúngica de extratos vegetais frente aos principais microrganismos causadores da candidíase. Mestrado (Dissertação). Juiz de Fora: Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2017.
CUTRIM, E. S. M.; TELES, A. M.; MOUCHREK, A. N.; MOUCHREK Filho, V. E.; EVERTON, G. O. Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante dos óleos essenciais e extratos hidroalcoólicos de Zingiber officinale (Gengibre) e Rosmarinus officinalis (Alecrim). Revista Virtual de Química, v. 11, n.1, p. 60-81, 2019.
EMERIBE, A. U.; NASSIR, I. A.; IFUNANYA, A. L. Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among nonpregnant women attending a tertiary health care facility in Abuja Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among nonpregnant women attending a tertiary health care facility in Abuja, Nigeria. Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine, v. 6, n. 2, p.37–42, 2015. 10.2147/RRTM.S82984.
FIANCO, A. L. B.; FALCÃO, M. A.; CASSEL, E.; MILÃO, D. Determinação da atividade antimicrobiana e teor de polifenóis totais de extratos etanólicos de própolis das abelhas sem ferrão Tetragonisca angustula (Jataí) e Scaptotrigona bipunctata (Tubuna). Revista Liberato, v.14, n.21, p.1-112, 2013.
FREIRES, I. A.; QUEIROZ, V. C. P. P.; FURLETTI, V. F.; IKEGAKI, M.; ALENCAR, S. M.; DUARTE, M. C. T.; ROSALEN, P. L. Chemical composition and antifungal potential of Brazilian propolis against Candida spp. Journal de Mycologie Medicale, v. 26, n. 2, p.122-132, 2016. 10.1016/j.mycmed.2016.01.003
GIACOBINO, J. Aspectos microbiológicos e ambientais de candidemias em hospital terciário (HC/FMB/UNESP/Botucatu) localizado na região centro - sul do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. 88p. Doutorado (Tese). Botucatu: Universidade Estadual Paulista, 2018.
GLEHN, M. D. P.; FERREIRA, L. C. E. S.; SILVA, H. D. F.; MACHADO, E. R. Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans among Brazilian Women of Reproductive Age. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, v. 10, n. 11, p.24-27, 2016. 10.7860/JCDR/2016/21325.8939.
GOULART, L. S.; SANTIAGO, E. F.; RAMON, J. L.; MOURA, S. V.; SILVA, A. R.; SILVA JR, I. F.; CHÁVEZ-PAVONI, J. H.; ARAÚJO, C. Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility to vulvovaginal Candida spp. in southern Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial, v. 52, n. 4, p.233–237, 2016. 10.5935/1676-2444.20160039.
JENSEN, R. H.; ASTVAD, K. M. T.; SILVA, L. V.; SANGLARD, D.; JORGENSEN, R.; NIELSON, K. F.; MATHIASEN, E. G.; DOROUDIAN, G.; PERLIN, D. S.; ARENDRUP, M. C. Stepwise emergence of azole, echinocandin and amphotericin B multidrug resistance in vivo in Candida albicans orchestrated by multiple genetic alterations. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, v.70, n.9, p.2551-2555, 2015. 10.1093/jac/dkv140.
KUMAR, P.; TARAFDAR, J. C. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) as electron acceptor of culturable soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. Biology and Fertility of Soils, v. 38, p.186-189, 2003.
MOREIRA, A. C. P.; LIMA, E. O.; WANDERLEY, P. A.; CARMO, E. S.; SOUZA, E. L. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) poit leaves essential oil against Aspergillus species. Brazilian Journal Microbioly, v. 41, n. 1, p.28-33, 2010. 10.1590/S1517-83822010000100006.
NISHIMOTO, A. T.; SHARMA, C.; ROGERS, P. D. Molecular and genetic basis of azole antifungal resistance in the opportunistic pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, v. 75, n.2, p.257-270, 2020. 10.1093/jac/dkz400.
PANWAR, S.; FAUJDAR, S. S. Prevalence, Distribution, Risk factors and Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles of Candida species in a Tertiary Care Hospital. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, v. 5, n. 4, p. 329–337, 2016. 10.20546/ijcmas.2016.504.039.
PINTO, L. M. A.; PRADO, N. R. T.; CARVALHO, L. B. Propriedades, usos e aplicações da própolis. Revista Eletrônica de Farmácia, v. 8, n.3, p.76–100, 2011. 10.5216/ref.v8i3.15805.
PIPPI, B.; LANA, A. J. D.; MORAES, R. C.; GUEZ, C. M.; MACHADO, M.; OLIVEIRA, L. F. S.; POSER, G. L. V.; FUENTEFRIA, A. M. In vitro evaluation of the acquisition of resistance, antifungal activity and synergism of Brazilian red propolis with antifungal drugs on Candida spp. Journal of Applied Microbiology, v.118, n.4, p.839-850, 2015. 10.1111/jam.12746.
PORTILHO, D. R.; MELO, I. A.; GUERRA, R. C.; BATISTA, H. L.; FERNANDES, C. H. C. Avaliação da atividade antibacteriana e antifúngica da própolis produzida no estado do tocantins. Revista Científica do ITPAC, v. 6, n. 2, 2013.
QUEIROZ, V. C. P. P. Avaliação do potencial antifúngico de própolis de Apis mellifera contra leveduras do gênero Candida. 82p. Mestrado (Dissertação). Campinas: Universidade Estadual de Campina. 2010.
SIQUEIRA, A. B. S.; RODRIGUEZ, L. R. N. A.; SANTOS, R. K. B.; ABREU, S.; PEIXOTO, R. F.; GUREL, B. C. V. Antifungal activity of propolis against Candida species isolated from cases of chronic periodontitis. Brazilizan Oral Research, v.29, n.1, p.1-6, 2015. 10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2015.vol29.0083.
SOUZA, E. L.; STAMFORD, T. L. M.; LIMA, E. O.; TRAJANO, V. N. Effectiveness of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil to inhibit the growth of food spoiling yeasts. Food Control, v. 8, n.5, p. 409–413, 2007. 10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.11.008.
VIEIRA, C. A.; SOUZA, W. W. R.; LIMA, J. S.; GOULART, L. S. Estudo comparativo das espécies de Candida: sensibilidade antifúngica e genes de virulência. Multitemas, v. 23, n. 54, p.169-182, 2018. 10.20435/multi.v23i54.1709.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
