EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM SEAWEED Laurencia dendroidea USING SUPERCRITICAL FLUID METHOD

Abstract

Natural products have been shown to be a promising source of chemicals, accounting directly or indirectly for about 40% of all bioactive compounds available in modern medicine. Extracts and essential oils of plants are described in the literature with potential insecticidal activity, acting against the Aedes aegypti mosquito, but a new area of research that deals with marine organisms has been gaining room for this same purpose. Many secondary metabolites are found in several groups of marine organisms, but most often in cyanophytic, chlorophytic, phaeophytic and rhodophytic algae. Among these organisms, the species of red algae (Rhodophyta) of the Laurencia complex stand out for being sources of terpenes, with several biological activities reported in the literature. In the Chemical Ecology Laboratory of UFPE was obtained essential oil from the algae Laurencia dendroidea, by supercritical fluid technique (Model SFT-100). Extraction lasted about 1h and 30 min. The temperature used in the extraction vessel was 50 ° C and the temperature used at the outlet of the valves was 70 ° C and the CO2 pressure was adjusted 2000 psi to 4000 psi, a 0.47% oil yield was obtained from 13g of dried algae material. The oil was identified using the GC-MS technique with which it was possible to identify compounds belonging to the sesquiterpenes, aldehydes and hydrocarbons classes, the major compounds are silphiperfolan-7-β-ol (9.61%), heptadecane (7, 15%) and pentadecanal (4.91%). The oil was submitted to a preliminary test to evaluate the larvicidal property against A. aegypti. The concentrations 10, 30, 50,60 and 100 ppm were tested, with a mortality of 95,100, 100, 100 and 100% respectively. Thus, the development of larvicides from marine products to reduce the presence of A. aegypti by interrupting its life cycle is essential for the management of this vector.