Testes de toxicidade de íons metais usando Paramecium caudatum como organismo teste
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Abstract
Os experimentos de avaliação da toxicidade dos metais foram feitos com organismos obtidos na fase log de crescimento em meio de cultivo padronizado e previamente estabelecido, após obtenção de sua curva de crescimento e tempo de geração, seguindo recomendações do processo de otimização do cultivo para o protozoário Paramecium caudatum. Os testes foram realizados com dezoito íons cloreto de metais, frente ao protozoário em seis diferentes concentrações em meio aquoso. Os resultados dos testes de toxicidade mostraram que a tolerância desse protozoário é maior ao molibdênio e ao lítio (CL50 24 h. > 4,5 mg.L-1 e 3,69 mg.L-1; respectivamente), enquanto que para o mercúrio e o cobre foram iguais e as menores (CL50 24 h. ≥ 0,021 mg.L-1). A ordem decrescente de toxicidade dos metais testados nos ensaios com Paramecium caudatum foi a seguinte: Hg > Cd > As > Mn > Pb > Cr . Comparando as concentrações máximas permitidas desses metais pela legislação brasileira, com os resultados de tolerância obtidos nos experimentos com esse protozoário, nota-se que Paramecium caudatum é sensível aos mesmos em concentrações inferiores às máximas permitidas a esses metais, evidenciando a importância de se realizar ensaios com esses organismos na avaliação de contaminações, especialmente por metais; e no monitoramento ambiental.
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