Análise quimiométrica de parâmetros físico-químicos e atividade antioxidante de genótipos de ameixas para melhoramento e lançamento como nova cultivar

Abstract

The selection of plum genotypes with sensorial characteristics and antioxidant activity has been the target of the IDR-PARANÁ - Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná genetic breeding program. The challenge of combining better quality, production and resistance to pests and diseases is a difficult task that can be easily done with the use of physicochemical analyzes and statistical tools. The present study aims to characterize plum genotypes developed by IDR-PARANÁ using chemometry according to physicochemical parameters and antioxidant activity aiming at selection for launch as new cultivars. Three commercial cultivars (Irati, Letícia and Reubennel) and six genotypes (PR-1094, PR-1095, PR-1102, PR-1148, PR-1240 and PR-1260 were used) grown in the experimental fields of IDR - PARANÁ, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil. Physicochemical parameters of total soluble solids content, pH, titratable acidity and ratio and antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds and anthocyanins were analyzed. Statistical analyzes of Pearson's correlation, Tukey and multivariate analyzes of principal component and hierarchical grouping were used. It was found that the genotypes PR-1094, PR-1102, PR-1148 and PR-1240 had higher DPPH activity, low anthocyanins and acidic pH. PR-1260 and Irati and showed greater activity by ABTS and DPPH and higher content of anthocyanins. The cultivar Reubennel showed less activity by ABTS, DPPH and pH and lower levels of anthocyanins. Letícia and PR-1095 showed higher pH, and intermediate antioxidant activity. Order to genotypes selection with higher levels of antioxidants, and physicochemical parameters that suggest greater sweetness, genotypes PR-1094 and PR-1148 presented themselves as promising for future lauching.