Asepsis methods in bean seeds

Resumen

The aim of this work was evaluate different aseptic methods in the physiological quality and sanity of Phaseolus vulgaris L. seeds. Seed samples inoculated with fungi Aspergillus sp. and another with Penicillium sp., were submitted to the treatments: control with and without inoculation of fungi, ultraviolet (UV-C) radiation for 1, 3 and 5 min; 70% ethyl alcohol for 1 and 2 min; sodium hypochlorite 2% NaClO for 3 min with addition of acetic acid; 2% NaClO for 3 min; 1% peracetic acid for 3 and 6 min; thermotherapy at 60 and 70 ° C for 5 min and wet at 60 and 70 ° C for 30 min. Germination, germination speed index, seedling growth, fresh and dry matter of seedlings and seed health were evaluated. In the sanity test, the treatments that best controlled the fungi Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. were 70% ethyl alcohol for 1 and 2 min, NaClO 2% with and without acetic acid and the thermotherapy at 60 and 70 °C for 30 min. The humid thermotherapy at 60 and 70 °C was efficient in the control of fungi, however, they caused mortality of 100 and 70% for seeds inoculated with Aspergillus sp. and 96.5 and 98.5% for seeds inoculated with Penicillium sp., respectively. The inoculation of fungi directly affected germination and vigor. Therefore, the treatments with ethyl alcohol and NaClO were the most efficient in the treatment of the seeds promoting inhibition of the fungi without compromising the physiological quality of the seeds.