Poluentes ambientais e fertilidade feminina

Authors

  • Adryele Gomes Maia Universidade Federal de Campina Grande
  • Maria do Carmo Pinto Lima Universidade Federal de Campina Grande
  • Mario Eduardo Rangel Moreira Cavalcanti Mata Universidade Federal de Campina Grande
  • Maria de Fátima Martins Universidade Federal de Campina Grande

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18378/rbfh.v12i4.10279

Keywords:

Poluição ambiental; Reprodução feminina; Fertilidade; Meio Ambiente.

Abstract

A poluição ambiental é considerada um problema mundial e exerce efeitos potencialmente nocivos nos ecossistemas terrestres, aquáticos e atmosféricos. Uma das consequências negativas causada pela poluição é a infertilidade feminina relacionada aos contaminantes ambientais, como os compostos orgânicos e os poluentes atmosféricos. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as ações dos principais contaminantes ambientais na infertilidade feminina. Tratou-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, cujos artigos foram selecionados em março de 2023 nas bases de dados da biblioteca virtual em saúde (BVS) e National Institute of Health (PubMed), utilizando os seguintes descritores: “Infertility, Female” AND “Environmental Pollutants”. Foram incluídos estudos do tipo experimentais e observacionais, publicados na língua portuguesa ou inglesa, nos últimos cinco anos. Os trabalhos do tipo relatos de caso, estudos de caso ou série de casos, opiniões, editoriais, revisões de literatura, cartas e resumos de conferências e com abordagem qualitativa foram excluídos. A partir da combinação desses descritores no procedimento de busca, foram encontrados 35 artigos, sendo 21 na BVS e 14 no PubMed; foram excluídos 14 artigos duplicados, oito após a leitura dos títulos e resumos, e posteriormente mais quatro após a leitura do artigo na integra, restando nove estudos para amostra final.  Dos artigos analisados três (33,3%) foram publicados nos anos de 2020 e 2019, quanto ao desenho dos estudos incluídos, todos são observacionais sendo quatro do tipo coorte (44,5%). Houve um total de 6.234 mulheres incluídas nas pesquisas e os tamanhos das amostras variaram de 59 participantes no Reino Unido a 2.276 na Coreia, sendo a maior parte dos estudos conduzidos nos Estados Unidos (33,4%). Os contaminantes relacionados à infertilidade feminina mencionados nos estudos foram poluentes do ar, destacando-se os materiais particulados (MP2,5, MP10), emissões do tráfego e a fumaça de combustível de biomassa. Os MP2,5 e MP10 foram associados a maiores chances de aborto espontâneo e a diminuição dos níveis de hormônio Anti-mulleriano (AMH), sendo apenas  o MP2,5 associado ao aumento do risco de não engravidar e a redução na contagem de folículos antrais.  Os outros dois poluentes foram relacionados a um risco aumentado de nascimento de bebês com baixo peso e quase três vezes mais chances de infertilidade feminina. Altas concentrações urinárias de Bisfenol A (BPA) foram relacionadas à diminuição do número de oócitos recuperados e a menores taxas de gravidezes. Níveis séricos elevados de Bifenilos policlorados (PCB) também foram associados à redução do número de gravidezes ao longo da vida. Além disso, concentrações de mercúrio no sangue maiores que 5,278 μg/L apresentaram uma relação não linear com a infertilidade, e níveis séricos mais altos de substâncias per e polifluoroalquil (PFUA, PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS e PFNA) foram inversamente associados à infertilidade relacionada à SOP. As evidências resumidas nesta revisão sugerem uma estreita ligação entre poluição ambiental e infertilidade feminina, porém é importante mencionar que existem outros fatores que interferem na fertilidade.

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Published

2023-12-15

How to Cite

Maia, A. G., Lima, M. do C. P., Mata, M. E. R. M. C., & Martins, M. de F. (2023). Poluentes ambientais e fertilidade feminina. Revista Brasileira De Filosofia E História, 12(4), 2068–2088. https://doi.org/10.18378/rbfh.v12i4.10279

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