Approach to hypertensive emergencies in the emergency department: care profile and history

Abstract

Hypertension is a prevalent clinical condition of great relevance to public health worldwide. In scenarios where there is an acute and significant rise in blood pressure, hypertensive emergencies arise, which require a rapid and effective approach, especially in the emergency room environment. This article, a literature review, sought to explore the care profile of hypertensive emergencies in the emergency department and the history of guidelines and protocols related to the subject. The main objectives were to understand the characteristics of patients who seek emergency care in hypertensive emergencies, to identify the main complaints and symptoms and to analyze the evolution of guidelines and protocols over time. To carry out this review, recognized scientific databases were consulted, selecting articles, studies and guidelines that addressed the proposed topic. The methodology adopted involved strict selection criteria, prioritizing works with clinical relevance, methodological quality and relevance to the topic. The results obtained indicate that the profile of patients treated in hypertensive emergencies is diverse, with a variety of symptoms that reflect the systemic nature of hypertension. Furthermore, a continuous evolution in guidelines and protocols was observed, with a growing trend towards more individualized and evidence-based approaches. The review also highlighted the importance of rapid and accurate medical intervention to ensure favorable outcomes and minimize complications. In short, this article offers a comprehensive overview of the approach to hypertensive emergencies in emergency care, contributing to the understanding and optimization of clinical practices in the area.