Approach to abdominal pain in the emergency department: importance of imaging studies in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen

Abstract

Abdominal pain is one of the most common complaints in patients seeking care in emergency departments, representing a diagnostic challenge due to its diverse etiology. In this context, this article aims to highlight the importance of imaging studies in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen, a condition that requires rapid identification and treatment. Through a literature review, this study addresses the potential causes of acute abdominal pain, from benign conditions to life-threatening emergencies, and how imaging studies contribute decisively in differentiating these conditions. The aim is to evaluate the efficacy of different imaging modalities, such as radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, in identifying specific causes of acute abdomen. The methodology employed involved the analysis of relevant studies and articles published in reliable databases, addressing both the diagnostic accuracy and the speed with which each type of imaging test can contribute to the diagnosis. The results show that, while some conditions can be identified through simpler and less expensive imaging methods, others require more advanced and detailed techniques for an accurate diagnosis. It is concluded that imaging studies act in the management of patients with abdominal pain in the emergency department, speeding up diagnosis and treatment, reducing the likelihood of serious complications through an accurate and early identification of the underlying causes of acute abdomen.