Desafios no controle da dengue em países tropicais: avanços nas vacinas e perspectivas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18378/rebes.v14i3.10874Abstract
Os mosquitos são vetores principais de doenças graves, como dengue, chikungunya e malária, com a dengue afetando 50 a 100 milhões de pessoas anualmente. Eles têm um impacto significativo nos ecossistemas e na saúde pública, uma vez que não há tratamentos específicos eficazes para muitas arboviroses. O Aedes aegypti, responsável pela transmissão de várias arboviroses, incluindo dengue, Zika e chikungunya, se destaca pela adaptação a ambientes urbanos. A falta de tratamentos específicos torna crucial a busca por soluções ecológicas e sustentáveis para controlar a proliferação dos mosquitos. Portanto, objetivo desta revisão é analisar os avanços recentes na vacinologia para o controle da dengue. Esta pesquisa é uma revisão qualitativa e descritiva sobre os avanços recentes em vacinas contra dengue e outros arbovírus, com material buscado nas bases SciELO e PubMed usando os termos “dengue vaccine” AND “arbovirus” AND “advances”. Conduzida em agosto de 2024, incluiu artigos originais e gratuitos dos últimos dez anos em português ou inglês, excluindo trabalhos incompletos ou repetidos. O vírus da dengue (DENV) se transmite através de interações entre humanos e mosquitos, com destaque para a transmissão vertical, que permite sua persistência em condições adversas. Estudos mostram que o DENV pode sobreviver e se propagar em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento dos mosquitos. As vacinas tetravalentes, como CYD-TDV e QDENGA®, representam avanços importantes, mas enfrentam desafios como a amplificação dependente de anticorpos (ADE) e a necessidade de uma resposta imune equilibrada. A eficácia das vacinas é complicada pela competição antigênica entre os quatro sorotipos do vírus, necessitando de mais pesquisa para melhorar segurança e eficácia. A continuidade da pesquisa e a integração de novas tecnologias serão essenciais para desenvolver vacinas mais eficazes e seguras contra a dengue.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Caio Marcos de Matos Pinheiro, Gabriel Patrício Santos de Medeiros, Alice Maria Barbosa Soares, Marina Gervini Wendt, Natasha Mayer Ferreira, Ana Paula Almeida Silva, Matheus Oliveira de Macedo, Gabriela Bruce Figueiredo Tejo
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