Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH): características, diagnóstico y tratamiento con metilfenidato
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18378/rebes.v13i3.10106Resumen
El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno neuroconductual que suele aparecer durante la infancia, con una prevalencia estimada que oscila entre el 2 y el 18% a nivel mundial y tres veces mayor en varones que en mujeres. El diagnóstico del TDAH se confirma al reconocer en un niño, antes de los 12 años, una excesiva falta de atención, hiperactividad e impulsividad que perjudican su funcionamiento o desarrollo, mientras que los tratamientos actuales incluyen intervenciones farmacológicas, psicoterapéuticas y psicoeducativas. En este sentido, el objetivo es discutir las características y el diagnóstico, así como explorar el tratamiento con metilfenidato en los síntomas del TDAH, abordando los efectos beneficiosos y perjudiciales del fármaco. La metodología es un estudio bibliográfico, de tipo exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo, que pretende organizar las ideas en las siguientes etapas (formulación del problema, elección del tema a investigar, elaboración del plan de trabajo, formulación de los objetivos, identificación, localización y obtención de fuentes capaces de proporcionar los datos adecuados para la investigación deseada, lectura del material obtenido, análisis e interpretación lógica de los datos y redacción del texto final). Por último, se puede concluir que los principales síntomas del TDAH incluyen la falta de atención, la hiperactividad y la impulsividad, pero no son exclusivos del trastorno. Uno de los principales retos es el impacto sustancial en los individuos a lo largo de su vida, lo que subraya la importancia de identificar y tratar esta afección en la infancia. El tratamiento eficaz de los síntomas del TDAH en adultos y niños puede mitigar los efectos perjudiciales del trastorno en diversos aspectos del funcionamiento diario y el bienestar mental. El metilfenidato ha surgido como una opción de tratamiento viable; sin embargo, es importante reconocer que su uso conlleva riesgos y consideraciones potenciales.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Marcela Silveira Freitas Drumond, Lara Isolda Alves Machado, Mayra Costa de Souza, Sabrina Ferreira de Souza
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
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