Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH): características, diagnóstico y tratamiento con metilfenidato
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18378/rebes.v13i3.10106Resumen
El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno neuroconductual que suele aparecer durante la infancia, con una prevalencia estimada que oscila entre el 2 y el 18% a nivel mundial y tres veces mayor en varones que en mujeres. El diagnóstico del TDAH se confirma al reconocer en un niño, antes de los 12 años, una excesiva falta de atención, hiperactividad e impulsividad que perjudican su funcionamiento o desarrollo, mientras que los tratamientos actuales incluyen intervenciones farmacológicas, psicoterapéuticas y psicoeducativas. En este sentido, el objetivo es discutir las características y el diagnóstico, así como explorar el tratamiento con metilfenidato en los síntomas del TDAH, abordando los efectos beneficiosos y perjudiciales del fármaco. La metodología es un estudio bibliográfico, de tipo exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo, que pretende organizar las ideas en las siguientes etapas (formulación del problema, elección del tema a investigar, elaboración del plan de trabajo, formulación de los objetivos, identificación, localización y obtención de fuentes capaces de proporcionar los datos adecuados para la investigación deseada, lectura del material obtenido, análisis e interpretación lógica de los datos y redacción del texto final). Por último, se puede concluir que los principales síntomas del TDAH incluyen la falta de atención, la hiperactividad y la impulsividad, pero no son exclusivos del trastorno. Uno de los principales retos es el impacto sustancial en los individuos a lo largo de su vida, lo que subraya la importancia de identificar y tratar esta afección en la infancia. El tratamiento eficaz de los síntomas del TDAH en adultos y niños puede mitigar los efectos perjudiciales del trastorno en diversos aspectos del funcionamiento diario y el bienestar mental. El metilfenidato ha surgido como una opción de tratamiento viable; sin embargo, es importante reconocer que su uso conlleva riesgos y consideraciones potenciales.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Marcela Silveira Freitas Drumond, Lara Isolda Alves Machado, Mayra Costa de Souza, Sabrina Ferreira de Souza
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