Tratamiento con corticosteroides inhalados en niños con asma persistente: riesgos y beneficios a largo plazo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18378/rebes.v14i3.10844Resumen
Este artículo abordó el uso de corticoides inhalados en niños con asma persistente, una condición crónica que requiere un manejo efectivo para prevenir exacerbaciones y garantizar una buena calidad de vida. El asma persistente, caracterizada por la inflamación crónica de las vías respiratorias, requiere tratamientos que controlen los síntomas y la inflamación subyacente. El uso de corticosteroides inhalados es ampliamente reconocido como la terapia de elección para este propósito. Sin embargo, el uso a largo plazo de estos fármacos en pacientes pediátricos plantea preocupaciones sobre los posibles efectos adversos, como el impacto en el crecimiento y el desarrollo, así como el riesgo de supresión suprarrenal y otras complicaciones a largo plazo. Por lo tanto, el problema investigado en este estudio radica en la necesidad de equilibrar los beneficios terapéuticos de los corticoides inhalados con la minimización de los riesgos asociados a su uso prolongado en niños. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron investigar los riesgos y beneficios del uso a largo plazo de corticosteroides inhalados en niños con asma persistente, con un enfoque en la identificación de efectos secundarios comunes, impactos en el crecimiento y el desarrollo, riesgo de supresión suprarrenal y otras posibles complicaciones. Para lograr los objetivos, la metodología utilizada fue una revisión bibliográfica, con el análisis de los estudios publicados sobre el tema, con el fin de sintetizar el conocimiento actual y ofrecer recomendaciones basadas en evidencia. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que, aunque los corticoides inhalados son altamente efectivos para controlar el asma persistente y prevenir exacerbaciones, el uso a largo plazo en niños se asocia con riesgos que requieren monitoreo, ya que se identificaron efectos secundarios como candidiasis orofaríngea y disfonía, así como preocupaciones más graves, como deterioro del crecimiento y riesgo de supresión suprarrenal.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Antônio Levi Sampaio de Araújo, Beatriz Rayanne Barbosa Soares, José Cardoso dos Santos Neto, Brida Magalhães Teixeira Macedo, Vitória Maranhão Ramos, Julia Patrão Scorzelli Rattes, Lucas Veo Gusmão, Arthur de Andrade Carvalho Moreira
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
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