Prevenir e tratar escaras na UTI: O papel do enfermeiro e estratégias eficazes de cuidado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18378/rebes.v14i3.10880Resumen
Las úlceras por decúbito, también conocidas como escaras por presión (EEP), son frecuentes, costosas y potencialmente prevenibles en el entorno hospitalario, y su gravedad se clasifica en cuatro estadios, desde la hiperemia hasta la exposición de estructuras profundas. En las UCI, los pacientes se enfrentan a un alto riesgo de IP debido a factores como la inmovilidad y el uso de dispositivos médicos. El personal de enfermería desempeña un papel crucial en la prevención y el tratamiento de la IP, liderando intervenciones multidisciplinares para proporcionar cuidados de calidad y mejorar la aplicación de medidas basadas en la evidencia. Por lo tanto, este estudio pretende investigar la fisiopatología, con el fin de comprender los mecanismos que subyacen a su desarrollo e identificar los factores de riesgo, así como analizar y discutir las estrategias de enfermería para prevenir eficazmente la IP en la UCI. Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica cualitativa y exploratoria. Se buscó material relevante en las bases de datos SciELO y PubMed utilizando los términos «Pressure Ulcer», «Intensive Care Units» y «Nurses» combinados con el conectivo «AND». Los criterios de inclusión fueron artículos originales libres en portugués, publicados en los últimos cinco años (2019-2024) y que contuvieran información pertinente al tema propuesto. Se excluyeron los estudios incompletos, repetidos y fuera de alcance. Las lesiones por presión (IP) son un grave problema de salud, causando dolor, inmovilidad y altos costos. La prevención implica la evaluación de la piel, el alivio de la presión y la formación profesional continuada. Las estrategias incluyen la estandarización de las intervenciones, los equipos multidisciplinares y las superficies de apoyo dinámicas. El personal de enfermería es crucial, y requiere formación, desarrollo continuo y ratios enfermera-paciente adecuados para mejorar los cuidados y el entorno de trabajo.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Analice Alves de Figueiredo , Elaine Cristina Batista Tavares de Sousa , Cynara Rodrigues Carneiro , Thais Kamilla Alves Pereira
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
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