Approach to hypertensive diseases in pregnancy: optimizing treatment and mitigating harm

Abstract

This article deals with hypertensive diseases in pregnancy, conditions that represent significant clinical challenges and are recognized as one of the main causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Pregnancy is a period of intense physiological transformations and, although it is a natural phase in many women's lives, it can be accompanied by complications, among which hypertensive diseases stand out. These encompass a spectrum of conditions, from gestational hypertension to more serious forms such as pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. The central aim of this literature review is to explore current therapeutic approaches to optimize the treatment of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and discuss strategies to mitigate the associated damage. To achieve this goal, a systematic search was carried out in recognized scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, selecting articles published in recent years and in the English language that addressed the topic in question. The results obtained indicate that, although there are effective treatments available, there are still gaps in the complete understanding of the pathophysiology of hypertensive diseases in pregnancy, which limits the effectiveness of current interventions. However, multidisciplinary strategies, involving a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, as well as patient education and awareness, have shown promise in optimizing treatment and minimizing the associated risks. The review also highlights the continuing need for research and development in the area, aimed at more personalized and effective therapeutic approaches.