Estratificação dos casos de dengue na emergência, importância da intervenção precoce

Abstract

Dengue, a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, is one of the most widespread and important infectious diseases of the 21st century, with 100 to 400 million infections annually, affecting half of the world's population. Caused by the dengue virus, which has four serotypes, most cases present as a mild or acute illness, while a small proportion develop severe dengue fever, including hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. Responding to dengue outbreaks requires specific control measures and systematic surveillance to detect outbreaks. The emergence and resurgence of dengue fever are linked to demographic changes, unplanned urbanization, and failures in public health and mosquito control infrastructure. The study adopted a qualitative exploratory-descriptive approach, employing content analysis and literature review. The research was guided by the central question about the challenges in early clinical diagnosis and management of dengue patients in the emergency room. The search for articles took place in databases such as BIREME, LILACS and SCIELO, using descriptors such as Dengue, Emergency, Challenge and Management. After a pre-analysis, the relevant studies were selected and examined in detail, with data organization and interpretations based on theory, supporting the review study. Early diagnosis of dengue is challenging due to the similarity of symptoms with other febrile illnesses, lack of access to laboratories, and limited clinical experience in adults. The WHO classification divides cases into two categories, but its local applicability is debated. Differentiating dengue from other diseases is crucial for effective management, relying on laboratory tests or rapid diagnosis. Patient management follows protocols based on the severity of symptoms, requiring an agile and coordinated response, especially in endemic areas. Rapid diagnostic strategies can be vital in early detection, providing results within minutes and facilitating timely treatment.