Nefrologia: eficácia dos inibidores da sglt2 na proteção renal em pacientes com doença renal crônica e diabetes tipo 2

Abstract

This study addresses the efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in renal protection in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, emphasizing their impact on reducing the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Given the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its renal complications, the research problem focuses on the need to understand how SGLT2 inhibitors can contribute to renal protection in addition to providing glycemic control, by comparing them with other antidiabetic therapies. Thus, the objective was to analyze the available clinical evidence to evaluate the efficacy of these drugs in preserving renal function and reducing adverse outcomes associated with CKD in diabetic patients. The methodology used was based on a literature review, selecting studies published in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, using specific keywords and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure the relevance and quality of the evidence analyzed. The results obtained indicated that SGLT2 inhibitors contribute to renal protection, demonstrating a reduction in the progression of CKD, in addition to additional benefits such as a decrease in albuminuria and improvement in renal hemodynamics. Compared to other antidiabetic therapies, these drugs have shown superiority in preserving renal function, also offering a favorable safety profile with manageable side effects. Therefore, it was concluded that SGLT2 inhibitors are an effective and safe therapeutic approach, standing out as an option in the integrated management of type 2 diabetes, with positive implications for patients' quality of life and the reduction of renal and cardiovascular complications.