Avanços da inteligência artificial na medicina cardiológica: transformando diagnósticos e tratamentos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18378/rebes.v14i3.10798Resumen
El término “Tecnología Médica” engloba herramientas que mejoran la calidad de vida de los pacientes mediante un diagnóstico precoz y tratamientos optimizados. Con la llegada de los teléfonos inteligentes y los wearables impulsados por inteligencia artificial, la medicina ha evolucionado hacia un modelo 5P, promoviendo una mayor autonomía y un seguimiento continuo de la salud. A pesar de avances como el uso de la IA para el diagnóstico cardiovascular, pocas herramientas se han integrado eficazmente en la práctica clínica debido a los datos retrospectivos limitados y a la falta de traducción directa a la práctica. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es explorar cómo la IA está revolucionando la cardiología. También analizará cómo los avances actuales y las perspectivas futuras de la IA impactan en la práctica de la cardiología. La investigación es una revisión bibliográfica cualitativa y descriptiva sobre el impacto de las tecnologías de inteligencia artificial en la cardiología, realizada en agosto de 2024. Se utilizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos SciELO y PubMed con los términos “Artificial Intelligence (AI)” AND “Cardiology”. Se seleccionaron artículos originales y gratuitos en portugués de los últimos diez años, excluyendo materiales incompletos, repetidos o no relevantes. La IA ha transformado la medicina cardiovascular, mejorando los diagnósticos, los tratamientos y la personalización de la atención. Las técnicas de aprendizaje automático (ML) y las redes neuronales como CNN y RNN son efectivas para analizar imágenes médicas y documentación clínica, mientras que la robótica asistida por IA mejora la precisión de las cirugías. La IA permite una detección más temprana y precisa de enfermedades cardíacas, y su integración con datos no estructurados promete diagnósticos e intervenciones más eficaces. Los estudios futuros deberían explorar la integración de datos genómicos y superar los desafíos éticos, con el objetivo de hacer que la medicina cardiovascular sea más precisa y personalizada.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Inês Clara Martins de Souza , Amanda Moreira Lima, Filipe Marques Rodrigues , Luiza Carvalho de Oliveira, Marina Oliveira Ferreira
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
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