Intervención precoz en la rehabilitación post-ictus: evaluación de la recuperación funcional y la calidad de vida

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18378/rebes.v14i3.10943

Resumen

El accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) es una afección neurológica grave causada por isquemia o hemorragia en las arterias cerebrales, que provoca deficiencias motoras y cognitivas. El accidente cerebrovascular es una de las principales causas de mortalidad y discapacidad en todo el mundo, y afecta a unos 16 millones de personas al año. La edad es un factor crucial, ya que la mayoría de los pacientes tienen más de 65 años. Aunque las tasas de mortalidad y prevalencia han disminuido debido a los avances en el tratamiento, las cifras absolutas de muertes y años de vida perdidos siguen aumentando. La rehabilitación precoz es esencial para mejorar la recuperación funcional de los pacientes, y este artículo tiene como objetivo investigar el impacto de las estrategias de intervención temprana en la recuperación post-ictus. Se trata de una revisión cualitativa descriptiva de la literatura, con una búsqueda sistemática en bases de datos académicas (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar) utilizando descriptores como "intervención temprana post-ictus". El estudio, realizado en septiembre de 2024, seleccionó artículos originales y libres en portugués o inglés, excluyendo los trabajos incompletos o repetidos. El periodo post-ictus se divide en fases: hiperagudo (primeras 24 horas), agudo (primeros 7 días), subagudo precoz (primeros 3 meses), subagudo tardío (meses 4-6) y crónico (a partir de los 6 meses). La recuperación depende en gran medida del tiempo, ya que los procesos de plasticidad cerebral comienzan rápidamente después del accidente cerebrovascular y varían en eficacia a lo largo de las diferentes fases. Las mejorías más significativas se producen en las primeras semanas, alcanzando una meseta a los tres meses, con una posible recuperación posterior en la fase crónica con una intervención continuada. La movilización temprana juega un papel controvertido en la fase aguda, y la fisioterapia, la terapia ocupacional y la logopedia son esenciales para la recuperación funcional y la calidad de vida. El enfoque multidisciplinario y personalizado, combinado con la medicación para controlar los síntomas y prevenir complicaciones, es crucial para optimizar los resultados. Se recomienda continuar explorando y mejorando las prácticas de rehabilitación para maximizar la recuperación de los pacientes después de un accidente cerebrovascular.

 

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Biografía del autor/a

Gabriel Dávila Conte, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, São Paulo

 

     

Filippo Resende Carlétti

 

 

Enrico Resende Carletti, Faculdade Multivix, Vitória, Espírito Santo

 

 

Olivia Duarte de Oliveira

 

 

Maria Isadora Fernandes Lima, Centro Universitário Santa Maria, Cajazeiras, Paraíba

 

 

Mariana de Arruda Frazão, Centro Universitário do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão

 

 

Ciro Quinan Frazão, Centro Universitário do Planalto Central Apparecido dos Santos, Brasília, Distrito Federal

 

 

Joilton Aureliano de Lima Filho, Centro Universitário Santa Maria, Cajazeiras, Paraíba

 

 

Citas

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Publicado

2024-09-09 — Actualizado el 2024-09-09

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Cómo citar

Conte, G. D., Carlétti, F. R., Carletti, E. R., Oliveira, O. D. de, Lima, M. I. F., Frazão, M. de A., Frazão, C. Q., & Lima Filho, J. A. de. (2024). Intervención precoz en la rehabilitación post-ictus: evaluación de la recuperación funcional y la calidad de vida. Revista Brasileira De Educação E Saúde, 14(3), 686–691. https://doi.org/10.18378/rebes.v14i3.10943

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