Intervención precoz en la rehabilitación post-ictus: evaluación de la recuperación funcional y la calidad de vida
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18378/rebes.v14i3.10943Resumen
El accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) es una afección neurológica grave causada por isquemia o hemorragia en las arterias cerebrales, que provoca deficiencias motoras y cognitivas. El accidente cerebrovascular es una de las principales causas de mortalidad y discapacidad en todo el mundo, y afecta a unos 16 millones de personas al año. La edad es un factor crucial, ya que la mayoría de los pacientes tienen más de 65 años. Aunque las tasas de mortalidad y prevalencia han disminuido debido a los avances en el tratamiento, las cifras absolutas de muertes y años de vida perdidos siguen aumentando. La rehabilitación precoz es esencial para mejorar la recuperación funcional de los pacientes, y este artículo tiene como objetivo investigar el impacto de las estrategias de intervención temprana en la recuperación post-ictus. Se trata de una revisión cualitativa descriptiva de la literatura, con una búsqueda sistemática en bases de datos académicas (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar) utilizando descriptores como "intervención temprana post-ictus". El estudio, realizado en septiembre de 2024, seleccionó artículos originales y libres en portugués o inglés, excluyendo los trabajos incompletos o repetidos. El periodo post-ictus se divide en fases: hiperagudo (primeras 24 horas), agudo (primeros 7 días), subagudo precoz (primeros 3 meses), subagudo tardío (meses 4-6) y crónico (a partir de los 6 meses). La recuperación depende en gran medida del tiempo, ya que los procesos de plasticidad cerebral comienzan rápidamente después del accidente cerebrovascular y varían en eficacia a lo largo de las diferentes fases. Las mejorías más significativas se producen en las primeras semanas, alcanzando una meseta a los tres meses, con una posible recuperación posterior en la fase crónica con una intervención continuada. La movilización temprana juega un papel controvertido en la fase aguda, y la fisioterapia, la terapia ocupacional y la logopedia son esenciales para la recuperación funcional y la calidad de vida. El enfoque multidisciplinario y personalizado, combinado con la medicación para controlar los síntomas y prevenir complicaciones, es crucial para optimizar los resultados. Se recomienda continuar explorando y mejorando las prácticas de rehabilitación para maximizar la recuperación de los pacientes después de un accidente cerebrovascular.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Gabriel Dávila Conte, Filippo Resende Carlétti, Enrico Resende Carletti, Olivia Duarte de Oliveira, Maria Isadora Fernandes Lima, Mariana de Arruda Frazão, Ciro Quinan Frazão, Joilton Aureliano de Lima Filho
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
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